Signs, Symptoms, & Treatment at Agape Treatment Center

The signs and symptoms of bipolar disorder will vary from one individual to another based on the type of bipolar disorder and the mood phase a person is experiencing at the time of diagnosis.[4] Below is a list of some of the common signs and symptoms you may experience:

• Extreme mood swings between high and low emotional states
• Increased energy and decreased sleep needs or rapid speech during manic/hypomanic phases.
• Periods of depression marked by low mood, fatigue, and loss of motivation
• Difficulty with focus or making decisions.
• Acting impulsively or engaging in risk-taking behavior during elevated moods.
• Changes in appetite or sleep patterns
• Feelings of guilt, unworthiness, or hopelessness during depressive periods.

Bipolar symptoms will typically worsen over time if left untreated, leading to increased risk of substance use, job instability, relationship strain, and likelihood of hospital admission.

There is a high likelihood that individuals with bipolar disorder will also have a co-occurring substance use disorder as well.[5] Those suffering from bipolar disorder may self-medicate using alcohol or drugs to assist with managing mood symptoms, increasing energy levels, or coping with emotional distress. Many frequently discover that by using substances to self-medicate, their mood instability becomes intensified and consequently, their bipolar disorder becomes more difficult to treat.
Some examples of how substance use can enhance the symptoms of bipolar disorder include:

• Increasing frequency and severity of mood episodes.
• Decreasing the effectiveness of medications prescribed to treat bipolar disorder.
• Making it more difficult to diagnose the condition and identify an effective treatment plan
  Increasing risk of relapse, hospitalization, or engaging in unsafe behavior.

In some cases, prolonged substance use may cause mood symptoms that resemble bipolar disorder, known as substance-induced bipolar symptoms.[6] Accurate assessment and integrated care are needed to distinguish primary bipolar disorder and substance-related mood changes and treat them accordingly.

Bipolar disorder is generally treated with a combination of psychotherapy, medication management, and supportive services. An individualized, ongoing approach to treating bipolar disorder is most effective.

Therapy helps those suffering from bipolar disorder to manage their mood swings, develop coping mechanisms, and understand their mood patterns. Medication management is another frequently used component for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Medications can include mood stabilizers, antidepressants, or antipsychotic medications, depending on symptoms and individual treatment needs.[7] Physicians monitor and periodically change medication plans to ensure both stability and reduced side effects.

Though the cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, there are many things that can increase a person’s risk of developing bipolar disorder, including [8]:

• Family history of bipolar disorder or other mental health conditions
• Chronic stress or significant life changes
• Trauma or prolonged emotional distress
• Substance use or dependency
• Disruptions in sleep or circadian rhythms

Understanding risk factors allows for early intervention and helps to provide a more individualized treatment plan.

A thorough evaluation by a trained professional is needed to determine whether someone meets the criteria for a bipolar disorder diagnosis.[9]
A comprehensive assessment process includes the following:

• Clinical Interview (to discuss mood history and duration).
• Overview of symptom history.
• Medical evaluation.
• Assessment of mood patterns (i.e., frequency, duration, and cause) over time.

Prior to determining if a client has bipolar disorder, treating providers must rule out other medical causes, substances, or other mental health disorders. It is imperative for the treating provider to accurately differentiate between Bipolar I, Bipolar II, and other mood disorders. An accurate diagnosis creates a pathway toward developing a successful treatment plan.
Living with bipolar disorder can be an overwhelming experience, especially when mood swings interfere with day-to-day life, relationships, and overall wellness. But with an appropriate structure, support, and therapeutic care, there is hope for people with bipolar disorder to regain stability and establish a more balanced lifestyle.